What legislation established the modern U.S. Customs framework?

The legislation that established the modern U.S. Customs framework is the Tariff Act of 1789. This act was significant as it marked the first substantial legislative effort to regulate international trade in the United States after the Constitution was ratified. It created the framework for tariff systems and established the mechanism for collecting tariffs on imported goods, which are vital functions of Customs.

The Tariff Act of 1789 laid the groundwork for the customs duties that would fund the new federal government and was instrumental in shaping U.S. trade policy. It is recognized for establishing the authority and structure necessary for the administration of customs and import duties, which are foundational elements of the modern Customs framework.

While other acts, such as the Customs Modernization Act, made important updates and reforms to Customs operations, they built upon the initial structure provided by the Tariff Act of 1789 rather than establishing it.